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前言：
我们在很多时候需要对视频文件进行分析，或者对视频产生缩略图。因此视频截取技术必不可少。

从本地文件中读取视频帧

导包

 		<dependency><groupId>org.jcodec</groupId><artifactId>jcodec</artifactId><version>0.2.5</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.jcodec</groupId><artifactId>jcodec-javase</artifactId><version>0.2.5</version></dependency><!-- http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/commons-io/commons-io/2.6/commons-io-2.6.jar --><dependency><groupId>commons-io</groupId><artifactId>commons-io</artifactId><version>2.6</version></dependency>

读取视频帧工具类

package com.wkl.testdemo.vedio;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.jcodec.api.FrameGrab;
import org.jcodec.api.JCodecException;
import org.jcodec.common.model.Picture;
import org.jcodec.scale.AWTUtil;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.UUID;/*** 视频操作工具类*/
@Slf4j
public class VideoUtils {/*** 图片格式*/private static final String FILE_EXT = "jpg";/*** 帧数-第几帧*/private static final int THUMB_FRAME = 500;/*** 获取指定视频的帧并保存为图片至指定目录** @param videoFilePath 源视频文件路径* @param frameFilePath 截取帧的图片存放路径*/public static void fetchFrame(String videoFilePath, String frameFilePath) throws Exception {File videoFile = new File(videoFilePath);File frameFile = new File(frameFilePath);getThumbnail(videoFile, frameFile);}/*** 获取指定视频的帧并保存为图片至指定目录** @param videoFile  源视频文件* @param targetFile 截取帧的图片*/public static void fetchFrame(MultipartFile videoFile, File targetFile) throws Exception {File file = new File(videoFile.getName());FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(videoFile.getInputStream(), file);getThumbnail(file, targetFile);}/*** 获取指定视频的帧并保存为图片至指定目录** @param videoFile 源视频文件*/public static File fetchFrame(MultipartFile videoFile) {String originalFilename = videoFile.getOriginalFilename();File file = new File(originalFilename);File targetFile = null;try {FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(videoFile.getInputStream(), file);int i = originalFilename.lastIndexOf(".");String imageName;if (i > 0) {imageName = originalFilename.substring(0, i);} else {imageName = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "");}imageName = imageName + ".jpg";targetFile = new File(imageName);getThumbnail(file, targetFile);} catch (Exception e) {log.error("获取视频指定帧异常：", e);} finally {if (file.exists()) {file.delete();}}log.debug("视频文件 - 帧截取 - 处理结束");return targetFile;}/*** 获取第一帧缩略图** @param videoFile  视频路径* @param targetFile 缩略图目标路径*/public static void getThumbnail(File videoFile, File targetFile) {try {// 根据扩展名创建一个新文件路径Picture picture = FrameGrab.getFrameFromFile(videoFile, THUMB_FRAME);BufferedImage bufferedImage = AWTUtil.toBufferedImage(picture);ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, FILE_EXT, targetFile);} catch (IOException | JCodecException e) {e.printStackTrace();log.error("获取第一帧缩略图异常：", e);}}public static void main(String[] args) {try {long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();getThumbnail(new File("D:\\Videos\\2023112911533869304715.mp4"), new File("D:\\Videos\\test1.jpg"));System.out.println("截取图片耗时：" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime));} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}public static void saveImage(String imageUrl, String destinationFile) throws IOException {URL url = new URL(imageUrl);InputStream is = url.openStream();OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(destinationFile);byte[] b = new byte[2048];int length;while ((length = is.read(b)) != -1) {os.write(b, 0, length);}is.close();os.close();}}

从网络url 读取视频帧-ffmpeg

导包

 <!-- 获取视频第一帧依赖 --><dependency><groupId>org.bytedeco</groupId><artifactId>javacpp</artifactId><version>1.4.1</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.bytedeco</groupId><artifactId>javacv</artifactId><version>1.4.1</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.bytedeco.javacpp-presets</groupId><artifactId>ffmpeg-platform</artifactId><version>3.4.2-1.4.1</version></dependency>

工具类

package com.wkl.testdemo.vedio;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.bytedeco.javacv.FFmpegFrameGrabber;
import org.bytedeco.javacv.Frame;
import org.bytedeco.javacv.FrameGrabber;
import org.bytedeco.javacv.Java2DFrameConverter;import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;/*** 视频抽帧工具*/
@Slf4j
public class VideoFrame {//传入包含特定时间的Frame ，读取图片public static BufferedImage doExecuteFrame(Frame frame, int index) {if (frame == null || frame.image == null) {return null;}Java2DFrameConverter converter = new Java2DFrameConverter();BufferedImage bi = converter.getBufferedImage(frame);return bi;}/** @description:  读取视频第n秒的图片帧* @author: wangkanglu* @date: 2023/12/8 15:05* @param: [videoUrl, stepSecond]* @return: java.awt.image.BufferedImage**/public static BufferedImage doExecuteFrameByTime(String videoUrl, Integer stepSecond) {FFmpegFrameGrabber ff = new FFmpegFrameGrabber(videoUrl);ff.setOption("timeout", "40000000");long timestamp =  stepSecond * 1000000L;    //视频是按照微秒计算的，10的6次方分之一秒try {ff.start();ff.setTimestamp(timestamp);Frame frame = ff.grabImage();if (frame == null || frame.image == null) {return null;}Java2DFrameConverter converter = new Java2DFrameConverter();BufferedImage bi = converter.getBufferedImage(frame);ff.stop();return bi;} catch (FrameGrabber.Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}/*** 视频文件边下载边抽帧1秒1帧** @param videoUrl   网络视频文件URL* @param stepSecond 每隔几秒取一帧，默认1s* @param count      需要截取的帧个数* @return*/public static Map<Integer, BufferedImage> videoUrlIntercept(String videoUrl, Integer stepSecond, Integer count) {Map<Integer, BufferedImage> files = new HashMap<>();stepSecond = stepSecond == null ? 1 : stepSecond;FFmpegFrameGrabber ff = new FFmpegFrameGrabber(videoUrl);// 设置超时时间为40秒ff.setOption("timeout", "40000000");
//        ff.setOption("user_agent", UserAgent.getUserAgent());try {ff.start();long timeLength = ff.getLengthInTime();Frame frame = ff.grabImage();long startTime = frame.timestamp;long timestamp = 0; //视频的当前时长int second = 0;  //过了几个时间间隔int picNum = 0;//第n张帧while (timestamp <= timeLength) {log.info("抽取第{}帧,video_url:{}",picNum,videoUrl);timestamp = startTime + second * 1000000L;    //视频是按照微秒计算的，10的6次方分之一秒ff.setTimestamp(timestamp);frame = ff.grabImage();if (frame != null) {if (frame.image != null) {BufferedImage bufferedImage = doExecuteFrame(frame, picNum);if (bufferedImage != null) {files.put(picNum, bufferedImage);}picNum++;if (count != null && picNum == count) {break;}}}second += stepSecond;if(picNum > 60) {break;}}ff.stop();} catch (Exception e) {log.error("下载抽帧失败,ipPort:{},videoUrl:{},msg:{}", null, videoUrl, e.getMessage());e.printStackTrace();}return files;}/*** 视频文件指定时间段的帧截取** @param videoUrl  视频文件URL* @param start     视频开始的帧* @param count     需要截取的帧个数* @param isAvgTime 在截帧时 是否均匀分布计算时间* @return*/public static Map<Integer, BufferedImage> videoIntercept(String videoUrl, int start, int count, boolean isAvgTime) {log.info("开始抽取视频帧数,videoUrl:{}",videoUrl);Frame frame = null;//<时间, 图片流>Map<Integer, BufferedImage> files = new HashMap<>();FFmpegFrameGrabber fFmpegFrameGrabber = new FFmpegFrameGrabber(videoUrl);fFmpegFrameGrabber.setOption("timeout", "40000000");try {fFmpegFrameGrabber.start();long frameTime = 1;if (isAvgTime) {frameTime = fFmpegFrameGrabber.getLengthInTime() / count / 1000000L;if (frameTime < 0) {frameTime = 1;}}for (int i = start; i <= count; i++) {fFmpegFrameGrabber.setTimestamp(i * frameTime * 1000 * 1000);frame = fFmpegFrameGrabber.grabImage();BufferedImage bufferedImage = doExecuteFrame(frame, i);if (bufferedImage != null) {files.put(i, bufferedImage);}}fFmpegFrameGrabber.stop();} catch (Exception E) {log.info("下载的视频抽帧失败,msg:" + E.getMessage());E.printStackTrace();}return files;}/** @description:  BufferedImage 转 inputStream* @author: wangkanglu* @date: 2023/12/8 14:52* @param: [image]* @return: java.io.InputStream**/public static InputStream bufferedImageToInputStream(BufferedImage image) {ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();try {ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", os);InputStream input = new ByteArrayInputStream(os.toByteArray());return input;} catch (IOException e) {}return null;}public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {String videoUrl = "http://vd2.bdstatic.com/mda-pej1ztfufz8axvtu/360p/h264/1684545921389774683/mda-pej1ztfufz8axvtu.mp4";Map<Integer, BufferedImage> integerInputStreamMap = videoUrlIntercept(videoUrl, 1, 13);System.out.println(integerInputStreamMap.size());for (Integer seconds : integerInputStreamMap.keySet()) {BufferedImage bufferedImage = integerInputStreamMap.get(seconds);String fileName = System.currentTimeMillis()+"抖音测试3" + "_" + seconds + ".jpg";String filePath = "D:\\Videos\\"+fileName;//本地磁盘存储// 本地图片保存地址ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "png", new File(filePath));System.out.println("seconds: " + seconds + ", uploadURL: " + filePath);}}
}

附赠压缩图片工具类

package com.wkl.testdemo.vedio;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.bytedeco.javacv.FFmpegFrameGrabber;
import org.bytedeco.javacv.Frame;
import org.bytedeco.javacv.FrameGrabber;
import org.bytedeco.javacv.Java2DFrameConverter;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;@Slf4j
@Component
public class VideoFrameGrabber {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {// 视频地址String vedioUrl = "http://vd2.bdstatic.com/mda-pej1ztfufz8axvtu/360p/h264/1684545921389774683/mda-pej1ztfufz8axvtu.mp4";BufferedImage image = doExecuteFrameByTime(vedioUrl, 10);double targetSize = 10*1024;while (imageToBytes(image).length > targetSize) {float reduceMultiple = 0.5f;image = resizeImage(image, reduceMultiple);}// 本地图片保存地址ImageIO.write(image, "png", new File("D:\\Videos\\test6.jpg"));}/** @description:  读取视频第n秒的图片帧* @author: wangkanglu* @date: 2023/12/8 15:05* @param: [videoUrl, stepSecond]* @return: java.awt.image.BufferedImage**/public static BufferedImage doExecuteFrameByTime(String videoUrl, Integer stepSecond) {FFmpegFrameGrabber ff = new FFmpegFrameGrabber(videoUrl);ff.setOption("timeout", "40000000");long timestamp =  stepSecond * 1000000L;    //视频是按照微秒计算的，10的6次方分之一秒try {ff.start();ff.setTimestamp(timestamp);Frame frame = ff.grabImage();if (frame == null || frame.image == null) {return null;}Java2DFrameConverter converter = new Java2DFrameConverter();BufferedImage bi = converter.getBufferedImage(frame);ff.stop();return bi;} catch (FrameGrabber.Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}/*** 通过BufferedImage图片流调整图片大小* 指定压缩后长宽*/public static BufferedImage resizeImage(BufferedImage originalImage, int targetWidth, int targetHeight) throws IOException {Image resultingImage = originalImage.getScaledInstance(targetWidth, targetHeight, Image.SCALE_AREA_AVERAGING);BufferedImage outputImage = new BufferedImage(targetWidth, targetHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);outputImage.getGraphics().drawImage(resultingImage, 0, 0, null);return outputImage;}/*** 通过BufferedImage图片流调整图片大小* @param originalImage* @param reduceMultiple 缩小倍数* @return* @throws IOException*/public static BufferedImage resizeImage(BufferedImage originalImage, float reduceMultiple) throws IOException {int width = (int) (originalImage.getWidth() * reduceMultiple);int height = (int) (originalImage.getHeight() * reduceMultiple);Image resultingImage = originalImage.getScaledInstance(width, height, Image.SCALE_AREA_AVERAGING);BufferedImage outputImage = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);outputImage.getGraphics().drawImage(resultingImage, 0, 0, null);return outputImage;}/*** 压缩图片到指定大小* @param srcImgData* @param reduceMultiple 每次压缩比率* @return* @throws IOException*/public static byte[] resizeImage(byte[] srcImgData, float reduceMultiple) throws IOException {BufferedImage bi = ImageIO.read(new ByteArrayInputStream(srcImgData));int width = (int) (bi.getWidth() * reduceMultiple); // 源图宽度int height = (int) (bi.getHeight() * reduceMultiple); // 源图高度Image image = bi.getScaledInstance(width, height, Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);Graphics g = tag.getGraphics();g.setColor(Color.RED);g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); // 绘制处理后的图g.dispose();ByteArrayOutputStream bOut = new ByteArrayOutputStream();ImageIO.write(tag, "JPEG", bOut);return bOut.toByteArray();}/*** BufferedImage图片流转byte[]数组*/public static byte[] imageToBytes(BufferedImage bImage) {ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();try {ImageIO.write(bImage, "jpg", out);} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return out.toByteArray();}/*** byte[]数组转BufferedImage图片流*/private static BufferedImage bytesToBufferedImage(byte[] ImageByte) {ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(ImageByte);BufferedImage image = null;try {image = ImageIO.read(in);} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return image;}}