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我找到的处理 era5-land 代码在需要用到 cdo，但是 sudo apt-get install cdo 总是出现 abort (core dump) 等问题，所以放弃这种安装方式，不走捷径，安装源代码，也就是 cdo-x.x.x.tar.gz。

安装过程

# 下载网站
https://src.fedoraproject.org/repo/pkgs/
# 例如：
https://src.fedoraproject.org/repo/pkgs/hdf5/hdf5-1.6.6.tar.gz/INSTALL_DIR=/home/user/soft
mkdir $INSTALL_DIR# Install netcdf:
tar xzf netcdf-3.6.3.tar.gz
cd netcdf-3.6.3/
./configure --prefix=$INSTALL_DIR --disable-f77
make
make install
cd ..# Install szip:
tar xzf szip-2.1.tar.gz
cd szip-2.1/
./configure --prefix=$INSTALL_DIR CFLAGS="-lm"
make
make check
make install
cd ..# Install zlib:
tar xzf zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.3/
./configure --shared --prefix=$INSTALL_DIR
make
make install
cd ..# Install hdf5 (with zlib and szip support):# 在文件 /home/user/soft/hdf5-1.6.6/perform/zip_perf.c 中做了以下修改/* do compressed data write output = open(filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT);*//* Change by Liyongkang */output = open(filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0600);tar xzf hdf5-1.6.6.tar.gz
cd hdf5-1.6.6/
./configure --with-zlib=$INSTALL_DIR --with-szlib=$INSTALL_DIR --prefix=$INSTALL_DIR
make
make install
cd ..# Install proj
tar xzf proj-4.6.1.tar.gz
cd proj-4.6.1/
./configure --prefix=$INSTALL_DIR
make
make install
cd ..# Install cdo (with hdf5 and netcdf support):  错误
tar xzf cdo-1.3.1.tar.gz
cd cdo-1.3.1/
./configure --with-hdf5=$INSTALL_DIR --with-szlib=$INSTALL_DIR --with-netcdf=$INSTALL_DIR --with-proj=$INSTALL_DIR --with-zlib=$INSTALL_DIR --prefix=$INSTALL_DIR CC=gcc CFLAGS="-g -D_REENTRANT -O2"
make
make install
cd ..# Install cdo (with hdf5 and netcdf support):自己修改的版本
tar xzf cdo-1.7.2.tar.gz
cd cdo-1.7.2/
./configure --with-hdf5=$INSTALL_DIR --with-szlib=$INSTALL_DIR --with-netcdf=$INSTALL_DIR --with-proj=$INSTALL_DIR --with-zlib=$INSTALL_DIR --prefix=$INSTALL_DIR CC=gcc CFLAGS="-g -D_REENTRANT -O2"
make
make install
cd ..# 通过 source , 添加全局变量 至 ~/.bashrc:
sudo gedit ~/.bashrc# 复制以下内容至.bashrc 末尾
export INSTALL_DIR=/home/user/soft
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$INSTALL_DIR/lib
export PATH=$INSTALL_DIR/bin:$PATH

python 调用cdo

import subprocesscommand1= '/home/user/soft/bin/cdo expr,"var1=6.112*exp(17.67*(var168-273.15)/(var168-273.15+243.5))" '+"ERA5_2D_2019010900"+" "+"ERA5_E_2019010900"