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前言

‌微服务环境搭建‌

  使用的电商项目中的商品、订单、用户为案例进行讲解。

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一、案例准备

1. 技术选型

maven：3.3.9
数据库：MySQL 5.7
持久层: SpingData Jpa
其他: SpringCloud Alibaba 技术栈

2. 模块设计

springcloud-alibaba 父工程
shop-common 公共模块【实体类】
shop-user 用户微服务 【端口: 807x】
shop-product 商品微服务 【端口: 808x】
shop-order 订单微服务 【端口: 809x】

3. 微服务调用

  在微服务架构中，最常见的场景就是微服务之间的相互调用。我们以电商系统中常见的用户下单为例来演示微服务的调用：客户向订单微服务发起一个下单的请求，在进行保存订单之前需要调用商品微服务查询商品的信息。

  我们一般把服务的主动调用方称为服务消费者，把服务的被调用方称为服务提供者。

  在这种场景下，订单微服务就是一个服务消费者， 商品微服务就是一个服务提供者。

二、创建父工程

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version></parent><groupId>com.itheima</groupId><artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><packaging>pom</packaging><properties><java.version>1.8</java.version><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding><spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version><spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-cloudalibaba.version></properties><dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-cloud.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency></dependencies></dependencyManagement>
</project>

版本对应：

三、创建基础模块

1. 创建 shop-common 模块，在pom.xml中添加依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><parent><artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId><groupId>com.itheima</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>shop-common</artifactId><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>1.2.56</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>5.1.6</version></dependency></dependencies>
</project>

2. 创建实体类

//用户
@Entity(name = "shop_user")
@Data
public class User {@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)private Integer uid;//主键private String username;//用户名private String password;//密码private String telephone;//手机号
}

//商品
@Entity(name = "shop_product")
@Data
public class Product {@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)private Integer pid;//主键private String pname;//商品名称private Double pprice;//商品价格private Integer stock;//库存
}

//订单
@Entity(name = "shop_order")
@Data
public class Order {@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)private Long oid;//订单idprivate Integer uid;//用户idprivate String username;//用户名private Integer pid;//商品idprivate String pname;//商品名称private Double pprice;//商品单价private Integer number;//购买数量
}

四、创建用户微服务

步骤:
1 创建模块 导入依赖
2 创建SpringBoot主类
3 加入配置文件
4 创建必要的接口和实现类(controller service dao)

新建一个 shop-user 模块，然后进行下面操作

1. 创建pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><parent><artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId><groupId>com.itheima</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>shop-user</artifactId><dependencies><dependency><groupId>com.itheima</groupId><artifactId>shop-common</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></dependency></dependencies>
</project>

2. 编写主类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class UserApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class， args);}
}

3. 创建配置文件

server:port: 8071spring:application:name: service-productdatasource:driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driverurl: jdbc:mysql:///shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=trueusername: rootpassword: rootjpa:properties:hibernate:hbm2ddl:auto: updatedialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

五、创建商品微服务

1. 创建一个名为 shop_product 的模块，并添加springboot依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><parent><artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId><groupId>com.itheima</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>shop-product</artifactId><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.itheima</groupId><artifactId>shop-common</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></dependency></dependencies>
</project>

2. 创建工程的主类

package com.itheima;@SpringBootApplication
public class ProductApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(ProductApplication.class， args);}
}

3. 创建配置文件application.yml

server:port: 8081spring:application:name: service-productdatasource:driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driverurl: jdbc:mysql:///shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=trueusername: rootpassword: rootjpa:properties:hibernate:hbm2ddl:auto: updatedialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

4. 创建ProductDao接口

package com.itheima.dao;public interface ProductDao extends JpaRepository<Product,Integer> {
}

5. 创建ProductService接口和实现类

package com.itheima.service.impl;@Service
public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService {@Autowiredprivate ProductDao productDao;@Overridepublic Product findByPid(Integer pid) {return productDao.findById(pid).get();}
}

6. 创建Controller

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class ProductController {@Autowiredprivate ProductService productService;@GetMapping("/product/{pid}")public Product product(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {Product product = productService.findByPid(pid);log.info("查询到商品:" + JSON.toJSONString(product));return product;
}
}

7. 启动工程，等到数据库表创建完毕之后，加入测试数据

INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'小米','1000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'华为','2000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'苹果','3000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'OPPO','4000','5000');

8. 通过浏览器访问服务
   

六、创建订单微服务

1. 创建一个名为 shop-order 的模块,并添加springboot依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><parent><artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId><groupId>com.itheima</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>shop-order</artifactId><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.itheima</groupId><artifactId>shop-common</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></dependency></dependencies>
</project>

2. 创建工程的主类

package com.itheima;@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);}
}

3. 创建配置文件application.yml

server:port: 8091
spring:application:name: service-productdatasource:driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driverurl: jdbc:mysql:///shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=trueusername: rootpassword: rootjpa:properties:hibernate:hbm2ddl:auto: updatedialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

4. 创建OrderDao接口

package com.itheima.dao;public interface OrderDao extends JpaRepository<Order,Long> {
}

5. 创建OrderService接口和实现类

@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {@Autowiredprivate OrderDao orderDao;@Overridepublic void save(Order order) {orderDao.save(order);}
}

6. 创建RestTemplate

@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);}@Beanpublic RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {return new RestTemplate();}
}

7. 创建Controller

package com.itheima.controller;@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;@Autowired
private OrderService orderService;//准备买1件商品
@GetMapping("/order/prod/{pid}")
public Order order(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {log.info(">>客户下单，这时候要调用商品微服务查询商品信息");//通过restTemplate调用商品微服务Product product = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8081/product/" + pid, Product.class);log.info(">>商品信息,查询结果:" + JSON.toJSONString(product));Order order = new Order();order.setUid(1);order.setUsername("测试用户");order.setPid(product.getPid());order.setPname(product.getPname());order.setPprice(product.getPprice());order.setNumber(1);orderService.save(order);return order;}
}

7. 启动工程,通过浏览器访问服务进行测试
   

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参考知识
传智教育·黑马程序员

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