网站要钱怎么推广软文
什么是React
1.发送请求获取数据
- 处理数据(过滤、整理格式等)
3.操作DOM呈现页面
react 主要是负责第三部 操作dom 处理页面
数据渲染为HTML视图的开源js库。
好处
避免dom繁琐
组件化 提升复用率
特点
声明式编程: 简单
组件化编程: 服用
react native 可以通过js 进行移动端开发。
虚拟DOM + Diffing算法, 减少和真实DOM交互。
前提知识
this指向
class类
ES6语法: 箭头函数, 浏览字符串,解构赋值
npm包管理器
原型, 原型链
数组常用方法
模块化
什么是npm包管理工具
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_25502269/article/details/79346545
官网
https://reactjs.org/
核心库
react.development.js react核心库
react-dom.development.js 扩展库
babel.min.js 负责 jsx 转js
引用时,核心库 必须 在 扩展库 之前引入
虚拟DOM 和 真实DOM区别
真实DOM 实际结构
虚拟DOM 设计图
真实 DOM: 真实 DOM 相当于房子的实际结构,包括砖墙、木梁、水管、电线等。如果你想要更改房子的结构或者添加新的功能,你需要直接去建筑工地,这可能会涉及到大量的人力和时间。每次做出更改,都会影响整个房子的状态。
虚拟 DOM: 现在,假设你有一份精确的房屋设计图,上面显示了房子的每个房间的详细布局和所有的设计规格,但并不是实际的建筑物。这份设计图相当于虚拟 DOM。你可以在设计图上轻松地进行修改和实验,而不用实际动工。你可以添加新的房间、更改房间的布局,甚至尝试不同的颜色和装饰方案。
更新房子: 一旦你在设计图上满意地调整了房子的布局和设计,你可以将这份设计图交给建筑工人,让他们按照设计图来建造实际的房子。这相当于虚拟 DOM 更新到真实 DOM 的过程。与直接在建筑工地上进行修改相比,这种方法更加高效,因为你可以在设计图上进行多次修改,然后一次性应用到实际建筑中,而不必每次都动工。
XML 和 JSON 两种存储结构存储数据
JSON 两个核心方法 parse 和 stringfy
parse
{"name": "John Doe","age": 30,"city": "New York"
}
const jsonString = '{"name": "John Doe", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}';
const person = JSON.parse(jsonString);console.log(person.name); // 输出 "John Doe"
console.log(person.age); // 输出 30
console.log(person.city); // 输出 "New York"
stringfy
const person = {name: "John Doe",age: 30,city: "New York"
};
const jsonString = JSON.stringify(person);console.log(jsonString);
// 输出 '{"name":"John Doe","age":30,"city":"New York"}'
hello world
JS 实现
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0">
<title>hello_react</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 准备好一个“容器” -->
<div id="test"></div>
<div id="demo"></div>
<!-- 引入react核心库 -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/react.development.js"></script>
<!-- 引入react-dom,用于支持react操作DOM -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/react-dom.development.js"></script>
<!-- 引入babel,用于将jsx转为js -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/babel.min.js"></script><script type="text/babel">/* 此处一定要写babel */
//1.创建虚拟DOM
const VDOM = <h1>Hello,React</h1>/* 此处一定不要写引号,因为不是字符串 */
//2.渲染虚拟DOM到页面
ReactDOM.render(VDOM, document.getElementById('test'))
var TDOM = document.getElementById('demo');
console.log('虚拟DOM', VDOM)
console.log('真实DOM', TDOM)
debugger;</script>
</body>
</html>
React实现
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0">
<title>hello_react</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 准备好一个“容器” -->
<div id="test"></div><!-- 引入react核心库 -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/react.development.js"></script>
<!-- 引入react-dom,用于支持react操作DOM -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/react-dom.development.js"></script>
<!-- 引入babel,用于将jsx转为js -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/babel.min.js"></script><script type="text/babel">/* 此处一定要写babel */
//1.创建虚拟DOM
const VDOM = <h1>Hello,React</h1>/* 此处一定不要写引号,因为不是字符串 */
//2.渲染虚拟DOM到页面
ReactDOM.render(VDOM, document.getElementById('test'))
</script>
</body>
</html>
JSX语法规则
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>JSX syntax rules</title><style>.title{background-color: orange;width: 200px;}</style>
</head>
<body><!-- container --><div id="test"></div><script type="text/javascript" src="../js/react.development.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../js/react-dom.development.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../js/babel.min.js"></script><script type="text/babel">const myId = "aTgUiGu"const myData = 'HeLlo,rEacT'// create virtual DOMconst VDOM = (<div><h2 className="title" id={myId.toLowerCase()}><span style={{color:'white', fontSize:'29px'}}>{myData.toLowerCase()}</span></h2><input type="text"/></div>)// render the DOM to pageaReactDOM.render(VDOM, document.getElementById('test'))/*** Jsx syntax rules:1. when define the virtual D0M, do not write quotation marks.2. Use {} when mixing JS expressions into the label.3. 样式的类名指定不要用class,要用className。4. 内联样式,要用style={{key:value)}}的形式去写。5. 只有一个根标签6. 标签必须闭合7.标签首字母(1). 若小写字母开头,则将改标签转为htm1中同名元素,若html中无该标签对应的同名元素,则报错。(2). 若大写字母开头,react就去渲染对应的组件, 若组件没有定义,则报错。*/</script>
</body>
</html>
模块化
模块化是按功能开发 组件是按区域开发
模块
向外提供特定功能的js 程序,一般就是一个js文件
组件
用来实现局部功能效果的代码和资源的集合(html/css/js/image 等等)
React面向组件编程
安装react调试工具
https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/react-developer-tools/fmkadmapgofadopljbjfkapdkoienihi
函数式组件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>Document</title>
</head>
<body><script type="text/javascript">class Person{constructor(name, age) {this.name = namethis.age = age}speak(){// 通过Person实例调用speak时,speak中的this就是Person实例console.log(`I am ${this.name},I am ${this.age}`)}}class Student extends Person{constructor(name,age,grade){super(name, age)this.grade = grade}speak(){console.log(`I am ${this.name},I am ${this.age}, I am ${this.grade}`)}study(){console.log('I am study hard')}}const p1 = new Person('TOM', 18)const p2 = new Person('Jerry', 19)const c1 = new Student('zs', 12, 'First year of high school')console.log(p1);console.log(p2);console.log(c1);p1.speak()p2.speak()c1.speak()c1.study()</script>
</body>
</html>
简单组件和复杂组件的区别 state
组件实例三大核心属性
state
state 是组件对象最重要的属性,值是对象(可以包含多个 key-value 的组合)
组件被称为“状态机“通过更新组件的state 来更新对应的页面显示(重新渲染组件)
-
组件中 render 方法中的 this 为组件实例对象
-
组件自定义的方法中 this 为 undefined,如何解决?
a. 强制绑定 this:通过函数对象的 bind()
b. 箭头函数 -
状态数据,不能直接修改 or 更新,必须借助 setState()实现
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>Class-defined Component</title>
</head>
<body><!-- 准备好一个“容器” --><div id="test"></div><!-- 引入React核心库 --><script type="text/javascript" src="../js/react.development.js"></script><!-- 引入React DOM,用于支持React操作DOM --><script type="text/javascript" src="../js/react-dom.development.js"></script><!-- 引入Babel,用于将JSX转为JS --><script type="text/javascript" src="../js/babel.min.js"></script><script type="text/babel"> /* 此处一定要写babel */// 1. 创建类组件class Weather extends React.Component {constructor(props){super(props)this.state = {isHot:true, wind:"breeze"}this.changeWeather = this.changeWeather.bind(this)}changeWeather(){// 状态必须通过setstate进行更新,且更新是一种合并,不是替换。const isHot = this.state.isHotthis.setState({isHot: !isHot})this.state.isHot;// console.log('title was clicked')console.log(this.state)}//render调用几次? 1+n次 1是初始化的那次 n是状态更新的次数render() {// console.log(this)const {isHot, wind} = this.state// read the statereturn <h1 onClick={this.changeWeather}>Today is {isHot ? 'so hot' : "so cool"},{wind}</h1>;}}// 渲染ReactDOM.render(<Weather/>, document.getElementById('test'));// alt + shift + a 多行注释
/* const title = document.getElementById('title')title.addEventListener('click',()=>{console.log('title was clicked')}) *//* const title = document.getElementById('title')title.onclick = ()=>{console.log('title was clicked')} */</script>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>Class-defined Component</title>
</head>
<body><div id="test"></div><script type="text/javascript" src="../js/react.development.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../js/react-dom.development.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../js/babel.min.js"></script><script type="text/babel"> // 创建组件class Weather extends React.Component {constructor(props){super(props)// this.changeWeather = this.changeWeather.bind(this)}// 初始化状态state = {isHot:true, wind:"breeze"}// 自定义方法-----要用赋值语句形式 + 箭头函数changeWeather = ()=>{const isHot = this.state.isHotthis.setState({isHot: !isHot})}render() {const {isHot, wind} = this.statereturn <h1 onClick={this.changeWeather}>Today is {isHot ? 'so hot' : "so cool"},{wind}</h1>;}}ReactDOM.render(<Weather/>, document.getElementById('test'));</script>
</body>
</html>
prop
每个组件对象都会有 props(properties 的简写)属性
组件标签的所有属性都保存在 props 中
通过标签属性从组件外向组件内传递变化的数据注意:
组件内部不要修改 props 数据
使用
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0">
<title>class-defined component</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 准备好一个“容器” -->
<div id="test1"></div>
<div id="test2"></div>
<div id="test3"></div>
<!-- 引入react核心库 -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/react.development.js"></script>
<!-- 引入react-dom,用于支持react操作DOM -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/react-dom.development.js"></script>
<!-- 引入babel,用于将jsx转为js -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/babel.min.js"></script>
<!-- 引入 prop-types, 用于对组件标签属性进行限制 -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/prop-types.js"></script>
<script type="text/babel">/* 此处一定要写babel */class Person extends React.Component{static propTypes = {name:PropTypes.string.isRequired, // 限制为string类型sex:PropTypes.string,age:PropTypes.number,speak:PropTypes.func, // 限制函数}static defaultProps = {sex:"不男不女",age:18}// state = {name: 'tom',age:18, sex:'female'}render(){const {name, age, sex} = this.props;return (<ul><li>name: {name}</li><li>gender: {sex}</li><li>age: {age + 100}</li></ul>)}}// Person.propTypes = {// name:PropTypes.string.isRequired, // 限制为string类型// sex:PropTypes.string,// age:PropTypes.number,// speak:PropTypes.func, // 限制函数// }// Person.defaultProps = {// sex:"不男不女",// age:18// }// 这里name不填会有警告ReactDOM.render(<Person age={21} sex="female"/>,document.getElementById('test1'))ReactDOM.render(<Person name="joe2" />,document.getElementById('test2'))// ReactDOM.render(<Person name="joe3" age="23" sex="female"/>,document.getElementById('test3'))const p = {name:'joe3', age:11, sex:'female'}ReactDOM.render(<Person {...p}/>, document.getElementById("test3"))</script>
</body>
</html>
拓展知识
展开运算符
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>Document</title>
</head>
<body><script type="text/javascript">let arr1 = [1,3,5,7,9]let arr2 = [2,4,6,8,10]console.log(...arr1) // 展开数组let arr3 = [...arr1, ...arr2] // 连接数组console.log(...arr3)// function sum(...numbers){// console.log('@',numbers)// return a + b + c// }// 在函数中使用function sum(...numbers) {return numbers.reduce((preValue, currentValue)=>{return preValue + currentValue})}console.log(sum(1,2,3,4))let person = {name:'tom',age:18}let person2 = {...person} // 复制一个对象,深度复制// console.log(...person);//报错,展开运算符不能展开对象let person3 = {...person,name:'jack',address:'us'}console.log(person3) // 复制同时,修改对象</script>
</body>
</html>
refs
最旧版本使用refs
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>ref string type</title>
</head>
<body><div id="test"></div><script type="text/javascript" src="../js/react.development.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../js/react-dom.development.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../js/babel.min.js"></script><script type="text/babel"> // 创建组件class Demo2 extends React.Component {showData = ()=>{// const input = document.getElementById('input1')// alert(input.value)const {input1} = this.refsalert(input1.value)// console.log(input1);// debugger;}showData2 = ()=>{const {input2} = this.refsalert(input2.value)}render() {return (<div><input ref="input1"type="text" placeholder="prompt data" /><button ref="123"onClick={this.showData}>prompt data</button> <input ref="input2"onBlur={this.showData2}type="text" placeholder="lose data" /><button>lose prompt</button></div>);}} ReactDOM.render(<Demo2/>, document.getElementById('test'));</script>
</body>
</html>
回调函数
1.你定义的函数
2.你没有调用
3.这个函数最终被别人调用了
新版本ref的使用
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>ref string type</title>
</head>
<body><div id="test"></div><script type="text/javascript" src="../js/react.development.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../js/react-dom.development.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../js/babel.min.js"></script><script type="text/babel"> </script>
</body>
</html>
React官方推荐ref用法
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>ref string type</title>
</head>
<body><div id="test"></div><script type="text/javascript" src="../js/react.development.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../js/react-dom.development.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../js/babel.min.js"></script><script type="text/babel"> class Demo extends React.Component{state = {isHot:true}myRef = React.createRef()myRef2 = React.createRef()showInfo = ()=>{alert(this.myRef.current.data)}showData = ()=>{alert(myRef2.current.value)}changeWeather = ()=>{//get stateconst {isHot} = this.statethis.setState({isHot:!isHot})}saveInput = (c)=>{this.input1 = c;console.log("@", c);}render(){const {isHot} = this.statereturn ( <div><h2>Today is {isHot ? "Hot" : "Cold"}</h2><inputref={this.myRef}type="text"/><buttononClick={this.showInfo}>click me</button><buttononClick={this.changeWeather}>change weather</button><inputonBlur={this.showData}ref={this.myRef2}type="text"palceholder="lose focus"/></div>);}}ReactDOM.render(<Demo/>, document.getElementById('test'));</script>
</body>
</html>